Investigating student nurses' constructions of health promotion in nursing education.

This article describes student nurses' constructions of health promotion and the change of these constructions during their nursing education in two Finnish polytechnics. The data consisted of essays written by the 19 student nurses before they began their nursing education in 1997 and of stimulated recall interviews with the same students during the second year of their education in 1998. The data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. During the first study year, 13 students' constructions of health promotion changed. Six students had initially broad constructions of health promotion and their constructions remained unchanged. Four basic changes were found in the students' constructions: (1) the emphasis shifted from physical to multidimensional health promotion, (2) health promotion became more concrete and contextual, (3) the conception of perfect health became more permissive and relative, and (4) the interpretation of health promotion shifted from performing towards being there for the patient. These results may indicate that student nurses in Finnish polytechnics were attempting to adopt the empowerment approach to health promotion for their constructions. Moreover, the results represent a major challenge concerning nursing education and health promotion learning from the constructivistic approach to knowledge building.